ilmarakkula

Ilmarakkula is a small, uninhabited island located in the Gulf of Finland, part of the Baltic Sea. Situated approximately 1.5 kilometers off the coast of the Republic of Estonia, near the town of Pärnu, it is one of the smaller islands in the region. The island is known for its natural beauty, consisting primarily of sandy beaches, dunes, and sparse vegetation, including pine forests and coastal shrubs.

Ilmarakkula is a protected area under Estonian environmental regulations, designated as a nature reserve in 1992. Its significance lies in its role as a nesting site for various bird species, including the European shag (*Phalacrocorax aristotelis*), common tern (*Sterna hirundo*), and little tern (*Sternula albifrons*). The island also serves as a critical stopover point for migratory birds traveling along the Baltic Flyway. Conservation efforts focus on maintaining the island’s ecological integrity while allowing limited access for scientific research and educational purposes.

Access to Ilmarakkula is restricted to prevent human disturbance to wildlife. Visitors must obtain permission from the Estonian Environmental Agency, and entry is typically granted only for research or guided tours. The island is accessible by boat from nearby coastal areas, though no permanent infrastructure exists. Its remoteness and protected status contribute to its preservation as a vital habitat for marine and avian life.

Ilmarakkula’s name derives from Estonian, where *ilma* means "sky" or "air" and *rakk* refers to a type of seabird, possibly the great cormorant (*Phalacrocorax carbo*). The island’s name reflects its historical association with seabird colonies. While not a major tourist destination, it remains an important ecological site for both local and international conservation efforts.