ihosyövien

Ihosyövien is the Finnish genitive form of ihosyöpä, referring to skin cancers collectively. Skin cancers are malignant tumours that originate in the skin, typically driven by ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure from the sun or artificial sources. Most cases occur on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, neck, and hands. Risk factors include fair skin, light hair or eyes, a history of sunburns, age, immunosuppression, and family history.

The three most common forms are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent and tends to grow slowly with a low risk of distant spread, often presenting as a pearly or waxy bump, a flat scar-like lesion, or an ulcer. Squamous cell carcinoma is more likely to invade surrounding tissue and can appear as a firm red nodule, a flat sore, or crusted lesion. Melanoma arises from pigment-producing cells and is the most dangerous form if not detected early; it often resembles an irregular mole that changes in size, shape, color, or sensation. Early detection is crucial for all forms.

Diagnosis usually begins with a clinical examination and may involve dermoscopy and a biopsy to determine the type and depth. Treatment depends on type and stage and commonly includes surgical excision, Mohs surgery, curettage with electrodessication, radiotherapy, and, for advanced melanoma, immunotherapy or targeted therapies.

Prevention focuses on sun protection: using sunscreen with broad-spectrum UV protection, wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, and avoiding tanning beds. Regular skin self-examinations and periodic professional skin checks help with early detection and improve outcomes.