idrauliche

Idrauliche refers to hydraulics, the branch of science and engineering that studies the behavior of liquids under pressure and their use to transmit and control power. It covers fluid statics and dynamics, as well as the design of devices that convert fluid energy into motion and force.

Central to hydraulics is Pascal's law, which states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the system. Hydraulic systems use incompressible fluids, typically mineral oil or water‑glycol blends, to carry energy. A typical installation includes a reservoir, a pump, actuators such as cylinders or motors, valves to control flow and direction, and piping or hoses.

Hydraulic circuits can be open or closed, and involve various components: directional, relief, and flow-control valves; cylinders; hydraulic motors; filters; and sensors. The systems are designed to offer high force at low speeds, precise positioning, and smooth motion, with energy losses due to friction and leakage.

Applications span automotive (braking systems, power steering), industrial machinery (presses, machine tools), construction equipment (excavators, loaders), and aerospace and robotics. Advances in materials and fluids have improved temperature stability, efficiency, and environmental compatibility.

Safety and environmental concerns include fluid leaks, fire hazards with mineral oils, and contamination; proper maintenance, containment, and the adoption of biodegradable fluids mitigate these risks.