hüperinsulineemia

Hyperinsulinemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of insulin in the blood. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by helping cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream for energy. In hyperinsulinemia, the pancreas produces too much insulin, which can lead to persistently low blood glucose levels, a condition known as hypoglycemia.

There are several causes of hyperinsulinemia. It can be congenital, meaning present at birth, often due to genetic mutations affecting the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. In adults, hyperinsulinemia can be caused by pancreatic tumors (insulinomas) that secrete excessive insulin. It can also be a consequence of certain medications, hormonal imbalances, or, in some cases, associated with conditions like obesity and metabolic syndrome, where the body may initially overproduce insulin in an attempt to overcome insulin resistance.

The symptoms of hyperinsulinemia are primarily related to hypoglycemia and can include sweating, trembling, dizziness, confusion, rapid heartbeat, hunger, and in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure glucose and insulin levels, often after a period of fasting.

Treatment for hyperinsulinemia depends on the underlying cause. For congenital hyperinsulinemia or insulinomas, surgical removal of the affected pancreatic tissue may be an option. Medications can be used to manage blood glucose levels, and dietary adjustments, such as frequent small meals, can help prevent hypoglycemia. Long-term management is crucial to avoid complications, which can include developmental issues in children and neurological damage from recurrent hypoglycemia in both children and adults.