hypertensiosta

Hypertension, often referred to as high blood pressure, is a common medical condition where the long-term force of the blood against the artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease and stroke. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded as two numbers: the systolic pressure (the top number) and the diastolic pressure (the bottom number). Normal blood pressure is generally considered to be below 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is typically diagnosed when blood pressure readings are consistently 130/80 mmHg or higher.

There are two main types of hypertension: primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension develops gradually over many years and has no identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension is caused by an underlying condition, such as kidney problems, thyroid issues, or certain medications. Risk factors for developing hypertension include a family history of the condition, older age, obesity, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet (high in sodium and low in potassium), excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and stress.

Symptoms of hypertension are often absent, which is why it is sometimes called the "silent killer." However, in severe cases, symptoms can include headaches, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, dizziness, and chest pain. Diagnosing hypertension usually involves a physical examination and regular blood pressure measurements. Treatment strategies aim to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications. These often include lifestyle modifications such as a healthier diet, regular exercise, weight loss, limiting alcohol intake, and quitting smoking. In many cases, medication is also prescribed to help control blood pressure. Regular monitoring and adherence to treatment are crucial for managing hypertension effectively.