hula

Hula is a traditional Hawaiian dance form that expresses stories, histories, and rituals through coordinated movement of the hips, hands, and feet. Dancers interpret chants or songs, known as mele, with gestures, postures, and facial expressions, often conveying a narrative or emotional meaning. The art form is both a performance and a means of preserving Hawaiian culture and language.

History and forms: Hula originated in pre-contact Hawaii as part of religious and ceremonial practice and evolved into a broader performing tradition. There are two primary styles: hula kahiko (ancient hula), performed to traditional chants and percussion, and hula ‘auana (modern hula), which incorporates contemporary songs and, increasingly, Western instruments. Both forms emphasize storytelling, though kahiko tends to use more archaic language and ritual elements, while ‘auana reflects changing musical influences and attire.

Practice and elements: Hula is traditionally taught in hālau hula under a kumu hula (hula teacher). Performances often feature accompanying instruments such as the ipu (gourd drum) and pahu (drum), and may include uli uli or other rhythm aids. Dancers typically wear traditional attire such as pa’u skirts or grass skirts, leis, and flower adornments; in modern performances, costumes can vary widely. The dances use hand motions, footwork, hip movements, and facial expressions to convey meaning and emotion, with choreography closely linked to the accompanying mele and chants.

Cultural significance and recognition: Hula is a central expression of Hawaiian identity and history, traditionally performed with cultural protocol and respect. It is recognized internationally, with UNESCO listing hula on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2003.