horseshoe

A horseshoe is a curved metal plate nailed to a horse's hoof to protect it from wear and to improve traction. Most are U-shaped and have nail holes along their edges. Traditional shoes are made of steel or iron, but modern examples use aluminum for lighter weight or synthetic materials such as composites or rubber. Specialized shoes may be designed for therapeutic support, reduced concussion, or performance needs.

Fitting a horseshoe is done by a farrier. The process typically includes trimming and balancing the hoof, selecting a suitable size, shaping the shoe to fit, driving nails through the hoof wall, and clinching the nail ends. A properly fitted shoe helps prevent pain and lameness; incorrect fitting can cause injury. Shoes require regular maintenance and replacement as the hoof grows and conditions change.

Horseshoes have a long history. The practice likely began in ancient times in various cultures and became widespread in medieval Europe, where nailed iron shoes allowed horses to work on hard or rough ground for longer periods. Today they are used on working horses, in sport, and for rehabilitating hooves, with different designs tailored to climate, terrain, and activity.

Variants include open-heel and closed-heel designs, bar shoes for extra support, and traction aids such as studs or calks. Non-nail alternatives, such as hoof boots, may be used for temporary protection or rehabilitation. Regular inspection by a farrier, along with proper hoof care, is essential for the long-term health of the horse.