horsefly

The horsefly is a type of true fly belonging to the family Tabanidae. These insects are found worldwide, with many species inhabiting damp, grassy areas where their larvae develop. Adult horseflies are typically robust and medium to large in size, with prominent, compound eyes that are often brightly colored and can occupy a significant portion of their head. They possess strong, biting mouthparts.

Horseflies are well-known for their bothersome and painful bites. Only the females bite, as they require a blood meal to produce eggs. Their feeding mechanism involves cutting the skin with their sharp mouthparts and then lapping up the blood. This can be uncomfortable for humans and can also transmit diseases to livestock and, occasionally, humans. The bite itself can cause localized swelling, itching, and pain.

The life cycle of a horsefly involves egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Females lay eggs in moist soil or vegetation near water. The larvae are predatory or carnivorous, feeding on small invertebrates, snails, or tadpoles in aquatic or semi-aquatic environments. Once mature, the larva pupates and then emerges as an adult fly. Adult horseflies feed on nectar and other plant juices, but females supplement this with blood meals. Their activity is often highest on warm, sunny days.