homocisztin

Homocysteine is an amino acid that is found in the blood. It is a non-proteinogenic amino acid, meaning it is not used to build proteins. Homocysteine is produced when methionine, an essential amino acid, is broken down in the body.

Elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood are called hyperhomocysteinemia. This condition can be caused by several factors, including genetic mutations, deficiencies in certain vitamins, and certain medical conditions. Genetic mutations can affect enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism, leading to impaired breakdown. Vitamin deficiencies, particularly of folate (vitamin B9), vitamin B12, and vitamin B6, can also disrupt the metabolic pathways that convert homocysteine to other compounds.

High homocysteine levels have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke. It is thought that homocysteine may damage the lining of blood vessels and promote the formation of blood clots. Research has also explored potential links between hyperhomocysteinemia and neurological disorders, although these connections are still under investigation.

Diagnosis of hyperhomocysteinemia is typically made through a blood test to measure homocysteine levels. Treatment often involves addressing the underlying cause, such as vitamin supplementation for deficiencies or lifestyle modifications for other contributing factors. Lowering homocysteine levels may help reduce the risk of associated health problems.