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Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by a fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum. This fungus is commonly found in the soil, especially in areas where birds and bats live, due to their droppings. The fungus thrives in moist soil rich in organic material.

People typically contract histoplasmosis by inhaling spores of the fungus from the air. This often happens when soil is disturbed, such as during construction, excavation, or even cleaning out bird or bat habitats. It is not spread from person to person.

The symptoms of histoplasmosis can vary greatly. Many people infected with Histoplasma capsulatum have no symptoms at all or experience very mild flu-like illness. When symptoms do occur, they can include fever, cough, fatigue, chills, headache, and chest pain. These symptoms usually appear within 3 to 17 days after exposure.

In some individuals, particularly those with weakened immune systems, histoplasmosis can develop into a more severe form. This can affect the lungs more seriously, leading to pneumonia. In rare cases, the infection can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, a condition known as disseminated histoplasmosis. This severe form can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Diagnosis is typically made through laboratory tests, which may include blood tests, urine tests, or cultures of respiratory samples. Treatment depends on the severity of the illness. Mild cases may not require specific treatment, while more severe infections are treated with antifungal medications.