hipokalcemii
Hypocalcemia, or hipokalcemie in some languages, is a medical condition defined by a lower than normal concentration of calcium in the blood. Serum calcium is measured as total calcium, which depends on albumin, and ionized calcium, the physiologically active form. Because albumin affects total calcium, corrected calcium or ionized calcium is preferred in many clinical settings, especially when albumin is abnormal.
Causes include hypoparathyroidism (often after thyroid or parathyroid surgery), magnesium deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and chronic
Clinical features range from asymptomatic to severe neuromuscular symptoms. Common complaints include perioral numbness, tingling, muscle
Diagnosis relies on laboratory tests and assessment of the underlying cause. Key tests are serum calcium, albumin,
Treatment depends on severity. Symptomatic or severe hypocalcemia is treated with intravenous calcium (commonly calcium gluconate)
Prognosis is generally favorable with appropriate treatment, though chronic hypocalcemia requires ongoing management.