hierochloe

Hierochloe is a genus of aromatic grasses known commonly as holy grasses or sweet grasses. These perennial plants are found in temperate and arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus name Hierochloe is derived from the Greek words hieros (sacred) and chloe (grass), referring to their historical use in religious ceremonies and as offerings.

Species within Hierochloe are characterized by their sweet scent, which is most noticeable when the grass is dried. This fragrance is due to the presence of coumarin, a chemical compound. The leaves are typically flat and relatively broad for a grass. The inflorescence is a panicle, often with a purplish or yellowish hue.

Hierochloe odorata, commonly known as sweetgrass, is the most well-known species. It has been used by Indigenous peoples of North America for centuries in smudging rituals, for medicinal purposes, and in basketry. The dried grass is burned to produce a fragrant smoke believed to purify spaces and objects, and to carry prayers to the Creator. In Europe, it was also historically used in the preparation of the liqueur Bénédictine and in perfumery.

Other species include Hierochloe australis and Hierochloe alpina, which have similar characteristics and distributions. While some sources may place Hierochloe within the genus Anthoxanthum, it is generally recognized as a distinct genus by most botanists. The ecological role of these grasses includes providing habitat and food for various wildlife.