hexano

Hexano, commonly referred to as hexane in English, is an aliphatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H14. The term hexano is used in several languages to name hexane and can refer to the straight-chain isomer as well as to the family of structural isomers with six carbons. Hexane’s carbon framework can be arranged in several ways, yielding different structural isomers that share the same molecular formula but differ in shape and some properties.

There are five constitutional isomers of C6H14: n-hexane (the straight-chain form), 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane. These isomers have related chemical behavior as nonpolar hydrocarbons but exhibit distinct boiling points and densities. At room temperature, hexane is typically a colorless, volatile liquid with low miscibility in water and high solubility in nonpolar solvents. The boiling point varies among isomers, with n-hexane around 68.7°C.

Production and common uses: hexane is produced primarily during petroleum refining and natural gas processing and is separated by fractional distillation. It is widely used as a non-polar solvent in laboratories and industry, notably for extracting vegetable oils, degreasing, and cleaning. It also serves as a feedstock in chemical synthesis and as a solvent in chromatography and adhesive applications.

Safety and environmental notes: hexane vapors are highly flammable, and exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Chronic exposure to n-hexane is linked to neurotoxic effects such as peripheral neuropathy. Use in well-ventilated areas, keep away from ignition sources, and follow local regulations for storage and disposal. Spills should be contained to prevent environmental impact.