C6H14

C6H14 is the molecular formula of hexane, a saturated hydrocarbon (alkane) consisting of six carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms. It represents a family of five structural isomers that share the same formula but differ in how the carbon chain is arranged. The five isomers are n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane. The arrangement of carbon atoms, i.e., the degree of branching, affects physical properties such as boiling point and density.

These compounds occur in crude oil and natural gas condensates and are produced commercially during petroleum refining. They are extracted and separated from other hydrocarbons by distillation and various refining processes. C6H14 is used as a solvent and as a feedstock in chemical synthesis; it also appears as a component of gasoline and other industrial fuels.

In terms of properties, C6H14 is nonpolar and relatively hydrophobic, with low solubility in water. The isomers are generally colorless, flammable liquids or vapors at room temperature, and they mix with many organic solvents. Boiling points vary with branching: more highly branched isomers tend to have lower boiling points than the unbranched n-hexane.

Safety considerations are important: C6H14 compounds are flammable and can form explosive vapors with air. Exposure to vapors can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory system; prolonged or high-level exposure may have more serious health effects. Proper handling, ventilation, and storage are essential.

See also: alkanes, isomerism, petroleum refining.