Hexanes

Hexanes are a group of six-carbon alkane hydrocarbons with the general chemical formula C6H14. They are colorless, nonpolar liquids that are highly flammable. The most common isomer is n-hexane, which is a straight-chain molecule. Other isomers include branched hexanes such as isobutane and neopentane. Hexanes are primarily derived from petroleum and are often found as a component of gasoline.

Industrially, hexanes are used as solvents due to their ability to dissolve oils, fats, and waxes. They are commonly employed in processes such as the extraction of vegetable oils from seeds, in the cleaning and degreasing of metal parts, and as a solvent in the production of adhesives and varnishes. In laboratories, hexane is a useful nonpolar solvent for chromatography and other analytical techniques.

Exposure to hexane vapors can cause a range of health effects, primarily affecting the nervous system. Symptoms can include dizziness, headache, nausea, and in chronic or high-level exposures, peripheral neuropathy characterized by numbness and weakness in the limbs. Due to their flammability, hexanes must be handled with care, ensuring adequate ventilation and avoiding open flames or sparks.