heraldiek

Heraldiek, or heraldry, is the study, design, and display of armorial bearings such as coats of arms. It covers the creation, confirmation, registration, and interpretation of heraldic achievements, which commonly include the shield (escutcheon), the helmet and mantling, the crest above the shield, supporters on either side, and often a motto on a scroll. The Dutch term heraldiek corresponds to the English heraldry.

Historically, heraldry arose in medieval Europe to identify combatants and allies on battlefields and in tournaments. Heralds served as officers of arms who verified lineage, mediated claims, and granted arms under the authority of a monarch or crown. In modern times many countries maintain heraldic authorities that regulate arms and preserve official registries of granted or confirmed devices.

A typical heraldic achievement combines several elements. The shield bears charges, which are the devices or figures displayed in various colors and metals—tinctures. Common divisions and ordinaries provide structure. Above the shield may sit a helmet and crest; supporters may stand beside the shield; a motto is often inscribed on a scroll. The rule of tincture governs contrast, advising that metals (such as gold or silver) should not be placed on metals and colors should contrast with surrounding fields to maintain legibility.

Today heraldry is used by individuals, families, municipalities, universities, and organizations. Official registers exist in many jurisdictions, and new arms are typically granted or confirmed by heraldic authorities. The field remains connected to genealogy and design, balancing historical symbolism with contemporary identity.