hemolizei

Hemolysis refers to the rupture or lysis of red blood cells. This process results in the release of hemoglobin into the plasma. Hemolysis can occur in vivo, within the body, or in vitro, outside the body, such as during blood collection or processing.

In vivo hemolysis can be caused by various factors. Mechanical trauma to red blood cells, such as that experienced in certain heart conditions or during passage through artificial devices, can lead to fragmentation and destruction. Immune-mediated hemolysis occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks red blood cells, leading to their destruction. Infections, toxins, and certain genetic disorders affecting red blood cell structure or function can also induce hemolysis. Symptoms of significant in vivo hemolysis can include anemia, jaundice due to the buildup of bilirubin (a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown), and dark urine.

In vitro hemolysis is a common concern in laboratory settings. Improper handling of blood samples, such as vigorous shaking or prolonged storage at extreme temperatures, can damage red blood cells. Accidental hemolysis during venipuncture or sample processing can also occur. The presence of hemolysis in a blood sample can interfere with many laboratory tests, leading to inaccurate results. For example, the released hemoglobin can affect spectrophotometric assays. Therefore, laboratory protocols emphasize careful sample collection and handling to minimize in vitro hemolysis.