hedgerow

A hedgerow is a dense linear feature formed by shrubs and small trees planted or managed along a boundary, such as the edge of a field, a road, or a farmyard. Hedgerows typically run in a continuous line or series of clumps and can vary greatly in height, width, and composition. They may be evergreen or deciduous and can persist for many decades.

Common native species used in hedgerows include hawthorn, blackthorn, hazel, elder, dogwood, field maple, and holly. A hedge can be a single species or a mixed community, with a dense understorey and a scaffold of stems that can support a variety of growth forms.

Hedgerows play a key ecological role by providing habitat, shelter, and food for wildlife. They support birds, small mammals, insects, and fungi, offer nesting sites, and serve as movement corridors between habitats. The ground flora in the belt of a hedgerow also contributes to biodiversity and soil health.

Management aims vary by region but generally seek to maintain a balanced, gaps-free structure that supports wildlife while keeping the hedge functional as a boundary. Common practices include trimming, hedge laying, pollarding, or coppicing, as well as managing margins to allow light and prevent encroachment by trees. Regular maintenance, often every few years, helps preserve shape, vitality, and structural diversity.

Historically prominent in pastoral landscapes, hedgerows mark field boundaries and enclosure patterns in many regions. In some jurisdictions, hedgerows are protected or subject to regulation to conserve biodiversity and landscape character. They are important components of sustainable farming and landscape management.