pollarding

Pollarding is a tree pruning technique in which the upper branches are removed back to a stub or to a short main branch, leaving the trunk or a few short limbs. The cut is made at a height above ground level, so new shoots emerge from the remaining structure and form a dense, navigable head. The regrowth is typically vigorous and can be managed to provide a steady supply of foliage, timber, or ornament.

Historically common in Europe since medieval times, pollarding allowed trees to furnish winter fodder for livestock and wood for fuel, followed by renewed growth each cycle. In modern landscapes, pollarding helps maintain a predictable tree height and spread, keeps streets and utilities clear, and provides a reliable source of branches for pruning, crafts, or energy.

Pollarding differs from coppicing. In coppicing, shoots regrow from ground level after cutting the stump, whereas pollarding is done at a higher height, requiring periodic re-cutting at or near the same height to refresh the head. Rotation cycles vary by species and purpose, typically ranging from two to several years between cuts. Regular maintenance reduces the risk of decay and keeps the crown productive.

Common pollarded species include oak, elm, beech, lime (linden), plane, willow, and poplar, among others. Pollarded trees can live for many decades or centuries with proper care, but irregular pruning or poor wound management can lead to decay and loss of vigor. Pollard forms are characteristic of historic landscapes and remain in use in some urban and park settings today.