dogwood

Dogwood refers to shrubs and small trees in the genus Cornus, within the dogwood family, Cornaceae. The group comprises numerous species, with the best known being the flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida and Cornus kousa) and the red- or white-osier dogwoods (such as Cornus sericea and Cornus alba). They are native to temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia and are widely cultivated for ornamental use.

Most dogwoods have opposite, simple leaves that are elliptic to oval and finely veined. Leaves are typically deciduous, turning red, purple, or yellow in autumn in many species. Flowers, when produced, are small and inconspicuous in dense clusters, but are surrounded by four large bracts that give the plant much of its bloom color. In Cornus florida, the bracts are white and sometimes pink; in Cornus kousa, the bracts are typically white to pinkish and appear later in the season. Fruit is a small drupe that matures to red, blue, or black, depending on species, and is often eaten by birds.

Habitat and ecology vary by species. Many dogwoods are understory plants in forests and woodlands, preferring moist, well-drained soils and some shade. They are valued in landscapes for their spring display, architectural branching, and seasonal foliage. Wood is dense and has historically been used for carving and tool handles in some cultures.

Diseases and pests can affect dogwoods, notably dogwood anthracnose, caused by Discula destructiva, which can cause leaf spots, twig dieback, and tree decline. Other issues include powdery mildew and various borers. Gardeners emphasize good site selection, proper irrigation, and plant vigor to reduce susceptibility.

In culture, the flowering dogwood is associated with symbolism in some regions; it is the state flower of Virginia.