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haplorhines

Haplorhines are a suborder of primates that includes the tarsiers and the anthropoids—namely the monkeys, apes, and humans. They are one of the two major suborders of primates, the other being the strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorises, and galagos). A key distinguishing feature of haplorhines is the dry nose without a rhinarium, in contrast to the moist, split-nose nose of many strepsirrhines. Haplorhines also exhibit a more complete postorbital closure around the eye and typically lack a tapetum lucidum, contributing to different visual adaptations. They generally have larger brains for their body size and reduced reliance on the sense of smell, with a greater emphasis on vision and complex social behavior. They also lack a dental comb, a primitive trait seen in some strepsirrhines.

Taxonomy within haplorhines is organized into two major groups: the infraorder Tarsiiformes, which contains the tarsiers,

Geographically, haplorhines are distributed across Africa, Asia, and the Americas, with tarsiers confined to Southeast Asia,

and
the
infraorder
Simiiformes,
which
includes
all
monkeys
and
apes.
Simiiformes
is
further
divided
into
the
parvorders
Platyrrhini
(New
World
monkeys)
and
Catarrhini
(Old
World
monkeys
and
apes,
including
humans).
Catarrhini
is
further
subdivided
into
Cercopithecoidea
(Old
World
monkeys)
and
Hominoidea
(apes
and
humans).
platyrrhines
in
the
Americas,
and
catarrhines
in
Africa
and
Eurasia.
The
group
arose
in
the
Early
Cenozoic,
with
diversification
of
anthropoids
occurring
from
the
Eocene
onward.
Haplorhines
display
a
range
of
ecological
specializations,
from
small,
nocturnal
insectivores
among
the
tarsiers
to
the
diverse
diurnal
bodies
and
behaviors
of
monkeys
and
apes.