handtohand

Hand-to-hand refers to fighting that uses no ranged weapons and relies on physical contact between opponents. The term is commonly used to describe unarmed self-defense, sport-oriented grappling, and close-quarters combat. It encompasses a range of techniques, including strikes, grappling, throws, holds, and joint or pinning maneuvers, though the specific repertoire varies across traditions. In military and law enforcement contexts, hand-to-hand combat denotes close-range fighting when weapons are unavailable or impractical, and is closely linked to the broader concept of close-quarters combat (CQC).

Historically, unarmed combat has appeared in many cultures with diverse schools and methods. Some systems emphasize quick strikes and footwork, others focus on grappling, leverage, or control techniques. In the modern era, training often blends elements from traditional martial arts such as judo, jiu-jitsu, karate, and wrestling with contemporary self-defense and security protocols. Military and police training typically stresses practical application, safety, and disengagement, recognizing hand-to-hand combat as a last-resort option in confined environments.

In sport and regulated settings, hand-to-hand practices are conducted under rules and with protective equipment, prioritizing safety and control. Legal and ethical considerations are central, with force typically restricted to what is necessary and proportionate to the threat. The term “hand-to-hand” thus covers a broad spectrum from scholarly martial arts to practical, high-stakes combat training.