handlooms

Handlooms are looms operated manually to weave fabric. In handloom weaving, the craftsperson controls the warp and weft directly, often using a shuttle and simple devices such as backstrap or treadle looms. Handloom production is one of the oldest textile techniques and remains important in many regions for cultural, social, and economic reasons.

Loom types and techniques vary by region. Simple backstrap looms are common in rural areas, while more complex wooden or frame looms may include devices that regulate patterns or fabrics. Weavers use controlled weaving motions, heddles, and sometimes manual patterning devices such as dobby or jacquard components mounted on hand frames. Handwoven fabrics range from plain weaves to intricate textiles featuring motifs, textures, and regional finishes, including fibers like cotton, silk, and wool.

Handlooms contribute to regional identity and livelihoods. They support small-scale artisans, cooperatives, and family workshops, often providing income in rural communities. Handwoven textiles are valued for craftsmanship, uniqueness, and sustainability, and they serve domestic markets as well as niche and export markets. The cultural significance of handloom traditions is reinforced through regional styles, techniques, and heirloom designs that pass between generations.

Despite strengths, handloom sectors face challenges from faster, cheaper power-loom production and changing market demands. Issues include limited productivity, access to markets, price pressures, and maintaining quality and design relevance. Efforts to sustain handlooms commonly focus on training, design development, cooperative organization, and direct-to-consumer marketing to support artisans and preserve traditional textile knowledge.