hammaskarieksen

Hammaskarieksen, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, is a widespread dental disease characterized by the progressive destruction of tooth enamel and dentin. This process is primarily caused by the metabolic activity of oral bacteria, particularly Streptococcus mutans, which ferment dietary sugars. These bacteria produce acids as a byproduct, which demineralize the tooth structure.

The initial stages of hammaskaries often go unnoticed as they affect the outermost layer, the enamel. As the demineralization progresses, the enamel weakens and eventually breaks down, forming a small hole or cavity. If left untreated, the decay can extend deeper into the tooth, affecting the dentin and potentially reaching the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels. This can lead to sensitivity, pain, infection, and even tooth loss.

Several factors contribute to the development of hammaskaries. These include poor oral hygiene, leading to the accumulation of plaque where bacteria thrive, a diet high in sugar and acidic foods and beverages, and insufficient exposure to fluoride, which strengthens tooth enamel and aids in remineralization. Genetics and the natural composition of saliva can also play a role. Prevention strategies involve regular brushing and flossing, a balanced diet, and regular dental check-ups for professional cleaning and early detection of decay.