hairloss

Hair loss, or alopecia, refers to thinning or loss of hair from the scalp or other areas of the body. It can be temporary or permanent and affects people of any age or gender.

The most common patterns are androgenetic alopecia (male or female pattern hair loss), telogen effluvium (diffuse shedding after disruption of hair growth), and alopecia areata (autoimmune patchy loss). Less common types include traction alopecia and scarring alopecias.

Causes include genetics and hormones, autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, nutritional deficiencies, thyroid disorders, medications, infections, and physical or emotional stress. The specific pattern depends on the underlying condition.

Diagnosis relies on history and scalp examination. A hair pull test, dermoscopy, or scalp biopsy may be used in unclear cases, and blood tests can help identify thyroid problems or iron deficiency.

Treatment is directed at the cause. General measures include gentle hair care and addressing contributing factors. For androgenetic alopecia, topical minoxidil is common; oral finasteride or dutasteride is used in men; women may use minoxidil and, when appropriate, antiandrogens. Alopecia areata may respond to corticosteroids or other immune therapies. Traction and scarring alopecias require removing the cause and anti-inflammatory treatment. Telogen effluvium often improves once triggers are addressed.

Prognosis varies by condition; some forms are reversible with treatment, others may be permanent. Prevention focuses on reducing mechanical damage, avoiding harsh treatments, and ensuring good nutrition.