haemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum. They can be caused by increased pressure in the lower rectum, often due to straining during bowel movements, obesity, pregnancy, or chronic constipation. Hemorrhoids can be located inside the rectum (internal hemorrhoids) or under the skin around the anus (external hemorrhoids).

Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity. Internal hemorrhoids are often painless but may cause bleeding during bowel movements, noticeable as bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool. External hemorrhoids can be painful, itchy, and may cause swelling or a lump around the anus. If a blood clot forms in an external hemorrhoid, it can cause a sudden, severe pain.

Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination, which may include a visual inspection of the anal area or a digital rectal exam. In some cases, a doctor may recommend a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to rule out other conditions.

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence. Lifestyle changes are often recommended, including increasing dietary fiber intake, drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. Over-the-counter creams, ointments, and suppositories can help alleviate itching and pain. For more severe cases, medical procedures such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or surgery may be considered.