gybes

Gybes, also spelled jibes, are sailing maneuvers in which a vessel turns its stern through the wind, causing the windward and leeward sides of the mainsail to exchange positions. The maneuver is essentially the downwind counterpart to a tack, which is performed when a vessel turns its bow through the wind. Gybes are used to change direction while sailing with the wind on the same side of the boat, enabling the crew to follow a desired course or to optimize speed in shifting wind conditions.

The execution of a gybe involves easing the mainsheet, allowing the boom to swing across the deck, and then trimming the sail on the new leeward side. Because the boom can move quickly and with significant force, proper timing and coordination are essential to avoid injuries and equipment damage. Modern sailing vessels often employ winches, preventer lines, or automated gybe assistants to control the boom’s movement and enhance safety.

Gybes can be classified by speed and intent. A slow gybe, sometimes called a “controlled” or “cautious” gybe, is used in heavy wind to reduce load on the rig. A rapid gybe, known as a “hard gybe,” is employed in racing to maintain momentum. In multihull and high‑performance boats, gybing may be combined with apparent wind shifts to produce a “gybe jump,” a technique that exploits the boat’s inertia for a temporary boost in speed.

The term originates from the Middle Dutch “gijben,” meaning to turn, and entered English sailing terminology in the 16th century. Gybes remain a fundamental skill for sailors across recreational, commercial, and competitive disciplines.