gybing

A gybe, sometimes spelled jibe, is a sailing maneuver in which a vessel turns its stern through the wind so that the wind shifts from one side of the boat to the other. It contrasts with a tack, where the bow passes through the wind. During a gybe, the mainsail and boom sweep from the windward side to the leeward side, and the headsail may or may not switch tack depending on the sail plan and wind conditions. Gybes are common on broad reaches and downwind courses, and are used to change direction without turning the bow into the wind.

The maneuver changes the sails’ load as the wind shifts, and may require careful handling of lines and trim. On a typical cruising sailboat, the mainsail bears the brunt of the movement, and the jib or genoa may remain on its course or adjust as needed. Gybes are more hazardous than tacks because the boom can swing violently across the cockpit, potentially striking crew members or causing equipment damage, especially in strong winds or when the sail is overpowered.

Safety and technique emphasize preparation and communication. Crew should announce the maneuver, reduce sail pressure by easing the mainsheet, and steer smoothly to bear away from the wind. As the stern passes through the wind, the boom swings to the opposite side; once the sail is on the new tack, trim the mainsail and headsail and secure lines as appropriate. A preventer or other restraint can be used to control the boom’s movement in rough conditions, reducing the risk of injury or gear damage.