grlobolja

Grlobolja is a term used in several South Slavic languages, including Croatian and Serbian, to describe sore throat. It refers to pain or irritation of the pharynx, often affecting swallowing and speaking. Grlobolja can appear on its own or as part of a larger illness such as a respiratory infection.

Most sore throats are caused by viral infections, such as the common cold, influenza, or other upper respiratory viruses. Bacterial infections, particularly group A Streptococcus, can cause strep throat and may require antibiotic treatment. Other factors include allergies, irritants (such as smoke or dry air), acid reflux, and vocal strain. Symptoms commonly associated with grlobolja include throat pain or scratchiness, painful swallowing, swollen or tender neck glands, fever, red or swollen throat, and sometimes white patches or spots on the tonsils. Hoarseness, headache, and malaise can also occur.

Diagnosis typically relies on clinical evaluation. In cases where strep throat is suspected, a throat swab with rapid antigen detection testing or a throat culture may be performed to confirm bacterial infection. Treatment depends on the cause: viral sore throats usually improve with supportive care (rest, fluids, analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, throat lozenges, humidified air, and saltwater gargles); bacterial infections may require a course of antibiotics, commonly penicillin or amoxicillin, with the goal of shortening illness duration and preventing complications.

Prevention focuses on general measures such as good hand hygiene, avoiding sharing utensils, staying hydrated, and reducing exposure to irritants. Vaccination against influenza can lower the risk of viral sore throats. Most cases resolve within a week or so, though bacterial infections will improve with appropriate treatment.

Complications are uncommon but can include peritonsillar abscess, sinusitis, otitis media, and, rarely, rheumatic fever following untreated strep throat.