grackles

Grackles are a group of medium-sized blackbirds in the genus Quiscalus, within the family Icteridae. The term commonly refers to several North and Central American species, the best known being the common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), the great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus), the boat-tailed grackle (Quiscalus major), and the hooded grackle (Quiscalus cucullatus). These birds are highly adaptable and inhabit a range of open habitats, from wetlands and fields to urban and agricultural areas.

Appearance and identification vary by species. Males are typically glossy black with iridescent purples or greens, while females and juveniles are duller, often brownish or grayish. Grackles are social and often forage in large, noisy flocks, sometimes roosting communally. Their calls are harsh and varied, and the name “grackle” is inspired by their distinctive vocalizations.

Ecology and behavior: Grackles are omnivorous, feeding on insects, seeds, fruits, grains, and occasional small vertebrates or eggs. They are opportunistic feeders and frequently exploit human-associated food sources. Nesting is usually in trees or shrubs, with cup-shaped nests; several species may nest in colonies in favorable habitats.

Distribution and conservation: Grackles range from the southern United States through Central America. Most species are widespread and not currently threatened, though local populations can fluctuate and, in some regions, grackles are considered agricultural pests due to crop and garden damage.

Taxonomy and notes: Grackles are part of the New World blackbird assemblage. Taxonomic relationships among regional populations have been subject to revision as new data become available.