graafikaruuterit

Graafikaruuterit, often translated as "graphic routers" or "graph routing," refers to algorithms and techniques used for automatically determining the optimal physical layout of connections, known as wires or traces, on a printed circuit board (PCB) or within an integrated circuit (IC). The primary goal of graafikaruuterit is to connect a set of pins (or pads) according to a predefined netlist while adhering to various design rules and optimization objectives.

These objectives typically include minimizing the total wire length, avoiding crossovers (especially in single-layer designs), maintaining sufficient spacing between wires to prevent short circuits and signal integrity issues, and ensuring manufacturability. The process usually involves several stages. First, the components are placed on the board. Then, the routing algorithms attempt to establish paths for each signal connection.

Common graafikaruuterit techniques include maze routing, which searches for a path through a grid-like representation of the board, and line-probing or channel routing, which handles routing within designated channels. More advanced algorithms utilize rip-up and reroute strategies, where existing routes are removed and re-established to accommodate new connections. The complexity of graafikaruuterit increases significantly with the number of components, nets, and the density of the design. Modern PCB design software incorporates sophisticated graafikaruuterit engines that can handle highly complex designs efficiently.