gjykata

Gjykata is the Albanian word for a court, a formal judicial body empowered to interpret and apply laws, resolve disputes, and administer justice. In Albanian-speaking legal systems, gjykatat operate within the judiciary as independent organs, separate from the executive and legislative branches of government.

Courts handle civil, criminal, and administrative cases, issue rulings, and supervise due process. Decisions are binding and enforceable by law. The judiciary aims to provide equal protection under the law and to safeguard fundamental rights through fair trials, impartial judges, and transparent procedures.

Most Albanian-language systems maintain a hierarchical structure: lower or district courts hear original disputes, appellate courts review decisions on appeal, and a supreme or high court serves as the final instance. A constitutional court, typically separate, reviews the constitutionality of laws and government actions.

Judicial independence is a core principle, with rules governing the appointment, tenure, and discipline of judges designed to ensure impartiality. Oversight bodies and anti-corruption measures support accountability. In addition to general courts, specialized or administrative tribunals may exist to handle particular areas such as tax or administrative law.