geotekniska

Geotekniska, commonly referred to as geotechnical engineering, is the branch of civil engineering that studies the behavior of soils and rocks and their interaction with built structures. The discipline aims to characterize subsurface conditions, assess risks, and design foundations and ground-related systems accordingly. It integrates geology, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, hydrology, and earthquake engineering to ensure safety, performance, and cost-effectiveness of projects involving earth contact.

Practically, geotechnical work begins with site characterization: subsurface exploration, boreholes, soil sampling, and in-situ tests. Laboratory tests measure properties such as shear strength, compressibility, permeability, and consolidation behavior. Field tests include SPT, CPT, plate load tests, and geophysical surveys. Analyses cover bearing capacity, settlement predictions, slope stability, seepage, liquefaction potential, and groundwater management. Design often involves remedial measures and ground improvement if natural conditions are unfavorable.

Applications include building foundations, basements, retaining walls, tunnels, bridges, embankments, and road infrastructure. Geotechnical engineering also addresses excavation sequencing, dewatering, earthquake-resistant design, and stabilization of slopes, landslides, or mine workings. Techniques such as soil nailing, vibro-compaction, jet grouting, pile foundations, and drainage systems are used to manage ground conditions.

Professionals in the field are geotechnical engineers, geologists, and civil engineers who specialize in geotechnics. They work alongside architects, structural engineers, and contractors, following national and international standards and codes. The field emphasizes safety, environmental impact, and sustainability, including consideration of climate-related changes in groundwater and soil behavior. Education typically includes civil or geological engineering training with a focus on soil mechanics and field investigations.