genset

A genset, short for generator set, is a packaged system that provides electrical power by combining an energy source with an electrical generator. The primary mover is typically an internal combustion engine (diesel, natural gas, propane, or gasoline) coupled to a generator, usually a synchronous alternator. The assembly converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, delivering alternating current at standardized voltages and frequencies (for example, 120/240 V at 60 Hz in North America or 230 V at 50 Hz in many other regions).

Gensets are commonly categorized as portable, standby, and stationary. Portable units are compact and used for temporary or remote needs. Standby gensets are installed to supply building power during utility outages and are often connected to an automatic transfer switch (ATS). Stationary gensets are designed for regular or prime power in industrial, commercial, or utility contexts and may operate in parallel with other units for higher reliability or capacity.

Key components include the engine, the generator head or alternator, fuel system, lubrication and cooling systems, exhaust, control panel, starting system (batteries and starter), and, in many cases, a noise-reducing enclosure. The control system usually includes an automatic voltage regulator to maintain voltage and a governor to stabilize speed and frequency.

Operation involves the engine driving the generator to produce electricity. In standby configurations, the ATS detects a power loss and starts the genset, transferring the load to the generator; when utility power is restored, the unit shuts down after a cooldown period.

Maintenance, safety, and compliance with standards (such as NFPA, ISO 8528, UL/NRTL, and regional emissions rules) are essential for reliable and safe operation.