governor

A governor is the chief executive of a subnational political unit such as a state or province, and in some contexts the head of a national or colonial territory’s government. The term also designates a device that regulates the speed or flow of a mechanism, such as an engine or clock. The word derives from Latin gubernator, through Old French gouverneur, ultimately from Greek kybernētēs.

In most political systems, governors are responsible for enforcing laws, overseeing the administration of government agencies, and presenting budgets and policy agendas. They typically have the power to sign or veto legislation, appoint officials, and act as the chief administrator of the executive branch. In federal states, governors are usually the highest-ranking official in their jurisdiction and may serve as a representative figure for the region in a broader national framework.

The method of selection varies: in many countries governors are elected by residents of the jurisdiction and serve fixed terms; in others they are appointed by a central or regional authority and may serve at the pleasure of that authority. The length of office, term limits, and appointment powers reflect constitutional arrangements and political norms.

Historically, the title also designated colonial administrators who governed overseas territories on behalf of a monarch. In some jurisdictions, governors remain the formal heads of state or colonial offices, while related offices such as lieutenant governors or governor-general are used in specific constitutional arrangements.