gascondensate

Gas condensate is a hydrocarbon liquid that forms from natural gas in certain reservoirs when the gas is rich enough in heavier hydrocarbons and conditions favor condensation. In gas-condensate reservoirs, the reservoir gas is in equilibrium with liquid hydrocarbons at formation pressure and temperature. As the gas is produced and depressurized, the gas can drop below its dew point, causing heavier components to condense into a liquid phase that may accumulate in the wellbore or surface separators and be produced as a separate liquid stream.

The condensate is typically composed of pentane plus (C5+) hydrocarbons and is more volatile than many crude oils. It is a light hydrocarbon liquid with a high API gravity relative to crude oil, commonly in the range of about 40 to 65 degrees API, depending on the reservoir’s composition. Gas condensate is distinct from conventional crude oil in origin, arising from retrograde condensation within the reservoir rather than drainage of an oil-bearing formation. It is related to natural gas liquids (NGLs) but is often produced and handled as a separate condensate stream rather than as a fixed refinery feedstock.

Production and processing involve separating the condensate from the gas at surface facilities such as separators and knock-out drums. Stabilization may be used to remove lighter ends and water. The condensate is transported for sale or refined as a light crude or feedstock, with its value tied to its volume and composition as well as market prices for light hydrocarbons.

Operational considerations include managing condensate buildup in wells and flow lines, which can affect productivity, and providing appropriate storage and handling facilities for the liquid alongside gas processing.