galangin

Galangin is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, best known as 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone. It belongs to the broader class of polyphenols found in plants and is recognized for its antioxidant properties linked to its phenolic structure. The compound is named after galangal, the rhizome of Alpinia galanga, where it occurs in relatively high amounts, and is also found in other plant sources such as propolis, honey, and various spices.

Chemical characteristics and occurrence: Galangin has a flavonol skeleton with hydroxyl groups at the 3, 5 and 7 positions. In nature, it is often present as a free aglycone or as glycosides in combination with sugars in plant tissues.

Biological activities: In laboratory studies, galangin exhibits antioxidant activity and has been investigated for anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative effects. It has been shown to modulate signaling pathways and enzyme activity in cells, and to inhibit growth in several cancer cell lines under experimental conditions. Additional research has explored potential neuroprotective and cytoprotective effects, though findings are primarily from preclinical models.

Pharmacokinetics and safety: Galangin generally shows limited oral bioavailability due to absorption and metabolic factors, with extensive first-pass metabolism reported in some studies. Human data are limited, and there is no established medical use or approved drug status. As with other flavonoids, intake through diet is considered safe, but high-dose supplements may carry unknown risks or interactions with medications.

See also: flavonoids, galangal, propolis.