fueleconomy

Fueleconomy is a measure of how far a vehicle can travel on a given amount of fuel. It is commonly expressed as miles per gallon (mpg) in the United States or liters per 100 kilometers (L/100km) in many other regions. Higher fueleconomy indicates greater efficiency, meaning less fuel is required to travel the same distance. This metric is used by consumers to compare vehicles and by policymakers to estimate energy use and emissions.

Fueleconomy is typically assessed using standardized tests conducted by government agencies. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides city, highway, and combined fuel-economy ratings based on laboratory driving cycles. Europe uses WLTP, and older standards such as NEDC have been phased out in many places; other regions have their own schemes. Ratings assume specific conditions, such as driving patterns, temperature, and equipment; real-world fuel economy often deviates from test results due to variations in driving behavior and conditions.

Several factors affect real-world fueleconomy: engine efficiency, aerodynamics, vehicle weight, drivetrain (two-wheel versus four-wheel drive), transmission type, tire choice, and accessory use; driving behavior including acceleration, speed, and idling; terrain and climate; cargo load. Weather, maintenance, and fuel quality also play a role.

Improvements in fueleconomy come from advances in engine technology, hybrid and electric propulsion, lighter materials, improved aerodynamics, efficient transmissions, and low-rolling-resistance tires. Governments set targets for CO2 and fuel economy, influencing the mix of vehicles offered. Consumers can enhance real-world fueleconomy through smoother driving, regular maintenance, and selecting more efficient models.