främliggörande

Främliggörande, often translated as alienation, is a concept in sociology and psychology that describes a state of estrangement or disconnectedness from oneself, others, or society. It is a feeling of being an outsider, or of not belonging. This state can arise from various factors, including social inequality, economic hardship, and the breakdown of traditional social structures.

The term was notably explored by Karl Marx in his analysis of capitalist labor. Marx argued that under capitalism, workers become främliggörande from the product of their labor, the process of labor itself, their fellow workers, and ultimately from their own human potential or species-being. This occurs because the worker does not control the means of production, and their work is often repetitive, standardized, and serves to generate profit for others rather than fulfill their own creative or social needs.

Psychological perspectives on främliggörande focus on the individual's subjective experience. It can manifest as feelings of isolation, powerlessness, meaninglessness, and self-estrangement. These feelings can be triggered by a variety of experiences, such as social exclusion, discrimination, or a sense of not living up to societal expectations. The pervasive nature of modern life, with its emphasis on individualism and competition, is also seen by some as contributing to increased feelings of främliggörande. Addressing främliggörande often involves fostering stronger social connections, promoting meaningful work, and addressing systemic inequalities that contribute to feelings of powerlessness and exclusion.