fringes

Fringes are decorative trims made of threads or fibers that hang from the edge of textiles, garments, rugs, or upholstery. They can be simple strands, twisted cords, or tassels, and are used for ornament, weight, and to prevent fraying of hems. Fringes have appeared in many cultures and periods, and vary in material, length, and density.

In optics, fringes refer to interference patterns of light or other waves. When coherent waves overlap, constructive and destructive interference creates alternating bright and dark bands, called fringes. They arise in experiments such as the double-slit, thin-film interference, or etalon setups. Fringe spacing and visibility help determine wavelength, coherence, and surface characteristics. Fringes can also appear in spectroscopy and metrology.

In sociology and politics, fringes describe groups or ideas at the margins of a movement or society. People or opinions described as "on the fringes" lie outside the mainstream, often challenging prevailing norms or policies. The term is used neutrally in some contexts and pejoratively in others.

Care and manufacture: Fringes on textiles may require trimming, brushing, or knotting to prevent unraveling. Some fringes are decorative but may wear with use; modern techniques include synthetic fibers and heat-sealed finishes to improve durability.