fotofòbia

Fotofóbia, also known as light sensitivity, is a medical symptom characterized by abnormal intolerance to light. It can manifest as discomfort, pain, or even severe headaches when exposed to normal levels of illumination. This condition is not a disease in itself but rather a symptom that can be associated with a variety of underlying medical issues.

The causes of fotofóbia are diverse. It is frequently observed in individuals with certain eye conditions such as migraines, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, iritis, and dry eye syndrome. Neurological conditions like meningitis, encephalitis, and brain tumors can also trigger fotofóbia due to their impact on the brain's light processing centers. Additionally, certain medications, especially those affecting pupil dilation or neurological function, can induce light sensitivity as a side effect. Albinism, a genetic condition affecting melanin production, also commonly presents with significant fotofóbia.

The severity of fotofóbia can range from mild annoyance to debilitating pain. Individuals experiencing this symptom often find themselves seeking dark environments, wearing sunglasses indoors, and avoiding bright lights or screens. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, a physical examination, and specific tests to identify the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on managing the primary condition responsible for the light sensitivity. This might include eye drops for inflammation, pain relief medication, or addressing neurological issues. In some cases, simple measures like tinted lenses or environmental adjustments can offer relief.