iritis

Iritis, or anterior uveitis, is inflammation of the iris, the colored part of the eye. It is a form of uveitis and can affect one or both eyes. The onset is usually rapid, and prompt evaluation by an eye care professional is important to prevent complications.

Symptoms commonly include eye pain worsened by light, redness near the iris, photophobia, blurred vision, and a small or irregular pupil. Some people may feel a gritty sensation or tearing.

Causes include autoimmune or systemic inflammatory diseases (such as HLA-B27 conditions and sarcoidosis), infections (for example herpes, syphilis), trauma, and medications. In many cases no systemic cause is found.

Diagnosis is clinical, based on slit-lamp examination showing inflammatory cells and flare in the anterior chamber. Intraocular pressure is measured because iritis can raise the risk of glaucoma. Blood tests or imaging may be used to identify an underlying condition when indicated.

Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and prevent complications. It typically uses topical corticosteroid eye drops and cycloplegic or mydriatic drops to relieve pain and prevent adhesions. If an infection or underlying disease is present, specific therapy is given. Most cases improve with treatment over weeks.

Prognosis is generally favorable with prompt therapy, but recurrences are common. Complications can include synechiae, secondary glaucoma, cataract, and persistent vision changes. Regular follow-up is important to monitor response and adjust treatment.