fotbal

Fotbal, or football, is a team sport played on a rectangular pitch with two teams of eleven players. The object is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, primarily using the feet, though any part of the body except the hands and arms may be used. The goalkeeper is the only player allowed to handle the ball within the penalty area. A match typically lasts 90 minutes, in two halves of 45 minutes, with stoppage time and possible extra time or a penalty shoot-out in some competitions.

Originating in 19th-century England, modern fotbal emerged from public schools and was codified by the Football Association in 1863. The sport is governed internationally by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), founded in 1904, and is organized regionally by six continental confederations. The sport's global reach led to professional leagues at all levels and major international tournaments such as the FIFA World Cup for men and women, and regional championships like the UEFA European Championship and the Copa America.

Club competitions such as the UEFA Champions League and the Copa Libertadores showcase the sport at the club level. The sport has also spawned variants including futsal (indoor five-a-side) and beach soccer, and has adopted technology such as video assistance referees (VAR) to assist officiating. Equipment includes a size 5 ball, standard goal dimensions, and uniforms known as kits, with substitutions and disciplinary rules governed by competition regulations.

Fotbal's global popularity makes it a major cultural and economic phenomenon, supporting youth development, media rights, sponsorship, and stadium construction. While the fundamentals are consistent across regions, styles and tactical approaches vary, reflecting local traditions and competitive levels. The sport emphasizes teamwork, discipline and fair play, and continues to evolve with rule changes and innovations.