forcola

The forcola is the wooden oarlock used on Venetian gondolas and other traditional longboats. It is a carved fork-like support mounted on the gunwale that holds the oar in a pivoting position, allowing a wide range of motion during rowing. Traditionally carved from hardwoods such as pearwood, the forcola may also be made from other durable timbers like boxwood or olive wood, depending on the craftsman and local tradition.

A distinguishing feature of the forcola is its set of sockets or mouths carved along its sides. These sockets provide multiple grip angles and depths for the oar, enabling the gondolier to adjust balance, stroke, and blade angle with precision during the vog veneta technique. The oar rests within these sockets and can pivot and tilt as needed, while the overall assembly remains securely attached to the boat and allows controlled movement.

The making of a forcola is a skilled, traditional craft carried out by specialized artisans, often called forcolaio. Each forcola is typically tailored to a specific oar and rower, reflecting preferences for leverage and balance. Many forcole are also decorative, with distinctive shapes or carvings that reflect regional styles or the maker’s signature.

In modern contexts, forcole remain central to the practice and display of Venetian rowing, especially in gondola regattas and demonstrations. While contemporary boats may use alternative materials, traditional forcole continue to symbolize the craft and culture of vog veneta and Venetian boating heritage. The term also extends to similar oarlock devices used on other traditional rowing vessels.