floorslab

A floor slab is a horizontal structural element that forms the floor surface in buildings. It primarily resists bending and shear, distributes loads to the supporting framework, and provides a working surface. Most floor slabs are made of reinforced concrete, though timber and composite constructions are used in some projects. Slabs may be cast in place or precast and then installed on site.

Common types include slab-on-grade, cast directly on the ground, and suspended slabs that span between beams or columns. Variants include flat slabs with drop panels, ribbed or waffle slabs that use a system of ribs or a lattice of voids to reduce weight and increase stiffness, and post-tensioned slabs that use tendons to boost strength for longer spans. Precast slabs can be produced off-site and assembled for faster construction.

Materials and reinforcement typically involve reinforced concrete with steel bars, welded wire fabric, or fiber reinforcement. Post-tensioned slabs use steel tendons that are stressed after casting. Finishes and services are integrated by applying screed and floor finishes such as tile or carpet, while plumbing and electrical conduits may be embedded or placed in chases. Some slabs incorporate acoustic or thermal insulation and vibration-damping layers.

Design considerations include selecting thickness based on span and load, arranging reinforcement for crack control, and detailing joints to accommodate thermal movement. Construction methods cover casting in situ or using precast elements, with attention to curing, waterproofing, drainage, and integration with the building envelope. Proper maintenance focuses on cracking control, surface wear, moisture management, and timely replacement of worn finishes.