fitosterole

Fitosterole, or plant sterols, are naturally occurring compounds found in the cell membranes of plants. Structurally similar to cholesterol, they play a crucial role in plant physiology by maintaining membrane fluidity and integrity. Chemically, fitosterole belong to the class of sterols, which are a subgroup of steroids, and are characterized by a fused four-ring structure with a hydroxyl group attached.

The most common types of fitosterole include beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol. Beta-sitosterol is the most prevalent, often found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and whole grains. These compounds are also available as dietary supplements, typically in the form of esterified sterols, which enhance their absorption in the human digestive system.

Fitosterole have gained attention for their potential health benefits, particularly in cardiovascular health. Research suggests that they may help reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, often referred to as "bad cholesterol," by competing with cholesterol for absorption in the small intestine. This mechanism reduces the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream, potentially lowering the risk of coronary heart disease. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has approved health claims for fitosterole, stating that a daily intake of at least 1.5–2.4 grams can contribute to maintaining normal blood cholesterol levels.

Fitosterole are generally considered safe for most people when consumed as part of a balanced diet or in recommended supplement doses. However, individuals with specific medical conditions, such as gallbladder disease or those taking certain medications, should consult a healthcare provider before using fitosterole supplements. Side effects are rare but may include digestive discomfort or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.