fitosanitari

Fitosanitari, or plant protection products, are substances or mixtures used in agriculture to prevent, control, or eradicate pests, diseases, and weeds that affect crops. They encompass a broad range of products, including chemical pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, nematicides, miticides), as well as biologicals, natural extracts, pheromones, and plant growth regulators. Their goal is to protect yields, quality, and health of plants while enabling sustainable production.

Regulatory frameworks govern the assessment, authorization, and use of fitosanitari. In many regions, products must be approved before sale or use, and active substances undergo risk assessment by dedicated authorities. In the European Union, active substances are approved at the EU level after EFSA review, and the final product is authorized by member states under Regulation 1107/2009. Maximum residue limits (MRLs) are established under Regulation 396/2005 to ensure food safety. Labels provide allowed uses, application rates, timing, handling instructions, personal protective equipment, and storage and disposal guidance.

Use and safety considerations emphasize minimizing risks to human health and the environment. Operator exposure, dietary intake, water contamination, and effects on non-target organisms, including pollinators, are taken into account. Practices such as proper mixing, calibrated applications, integrated pest management (IPM), and adherence to buffer zones help reduce potential harm. Sustainable agriculture promotes reducing reliance on chemical products by employing alternative methods like biological control, resistant varieties, crop rotation, and cultural practices.

Sale and distribution typically require licensed handlers, and misuse or improper disposal can have legal consequences. Proper storage, labeling, and adherence to withdrawal periods are essential for safety and compliance.