firehose

Firehose is a high-pressure hose used by firefighters to deliver water or fire suppressants from a pump or hydrant to the fire scene. It is designed for flexibility, abrasion resistance, and the ability to withstand repeated bending and high internal pressure. Fire hoses are deployed in networks of hose lines to reach the ignition point with sufficient water flow.

Attack hoses are the smaller-diameter types used to convey water from the pump to the nozzle, typically 1.5 to 1.75 inches in diameter. Supply hoses move larger volumes from a water source or pump to the attack line and are commonly 2.5 inches or larger. A hose assembly typically comprises an inner lining, reinforcement layers, and an outer jacket. The lining is rubber or a synthetic polymer; reinforcement is woven or braided textile, or a combination; the outer shell is a durable fabric. Hoses are designed to be connected in series with couplings at each end.

Common lengths range from 50 to 100 feet, with longer runs used when terrain or access requires. Couplings at the ends enable hose sections to be joined; standard fire service couplings and threads vary by region, with common diameters including 1.5, 1.75, 2.5 and 3 inches.

Operating pressures are high; hoses are rated for working pressures that may approach 200 to 300 psi (approximately 14 to 21 bar), depending on construction and size, with nozzle settings further affecting flow and pressure. Fire hoses require regular inspection, cleaning, drying, and testing to detect damage or wear; damaged hoses are retired from service.

Historically, fire hoses evolved from leather or canvas designs to rubber-lined hoses in the 19th and 20th centuries, with modern synthetic materials improving durability and flexibility.