filozofiju

Filozofiju (philosophy) is the systematic study of fundamental questions concerning existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It seeks to understand what is real, what counts as knowledge, and how we ought to live. The field develops through logical argument, careful conceptual analysis, and reflection rather than reliance solely on empirical methods. The term derives from Greek philosophia, “love of wisdom.”

Core areas include metaphysics (the nature of reality), epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics (moral philosophy), aesthetics (the study of beauty and art), and logic (principles of correct reasoning). Additional branches address philosophy of science, mind, language, politics, and religion. Philosophers use argumentation, thought experiments, and systematic critique to examine assumptions and outcomes.

Historically, philosophical inquiry spans ancient traditions in Greece, India, and China, through medieval scholasticism, to modern and contemporary thought. Key shifts include rationalism and empiricism in the early modern period, Kantian critical philosophy, 19th-century phenomenology and existentialism, and 20th-century analytic and continental currents. The field remains pluralistic, often blending rigorous analysis with historical context and interdisciplinary dialogue.

In education and public life, philosophy cultivates critical thinking, clear reasoning, and careful argumentation. It informs ethics, law, politics, science, and culture. Philosophical training enhances problem solving and reflective judgment across professions and disciplines, contributing to debates on technology, policy, and values within diverse societies.