filiations

Filiations refers to the relationships arising from parentage and descent, including the lines through which people are connected to their ancestors and descendants. In genealogy, filiations are used to map family trees and identify paternal and maternal branches. In law, filiations describe the legal linkage between a person and their parents, and can shape rights and duties tied to parentage.

Etymology: The term comes from Latin filiationem, through Old French and into English, with roots in filius (son) and filia (daughter). The concept has long been embedded in legal and genealogical language.

In law: Filiation is the legal recognition of parentage. It may be established by birth certificates, parental acknowledgment, judicial determination, or presumptions of paternity or maternity. Once established, filiations can influence inheritance, custody, child support, and succession. In many jurisdictions, genetic testing has become a common tool to confirm or contest filiation, particularly when biological relationships are uncertain or disputed.

In genealogy and anthropology: Filiations distinguish lines of descent and are used to trace lineage across generations. Researchers may record patrilineal and matrilineal filiations to understand family structure, social status, or clan affiliation in various cultures.

In organizational contexts: Filiations can also refer to formal affiliations with institutions, corporations, or professional bodies, signaling membership or corporate relationships. In common usage, however, “affiliation” is the more frequent term; filiations are more often discussed in legal or genealogical settings.